"The term
"wisdom" (Hebrew hokhmah) has a wide range of meanings in
different contexts, ranging from intelligence to an ethical and religious
quality of life. Wisdom, however, was not considered to be just intellectual
ability or capacity; true wisdom had to be based on the fear of God and on a
moral way of life." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
In Moral Conflict, Joseph "Got Himself Out."
An example of moral strength is found in ancient Joseph, the son of Jacob. He
was a trusted servant of Potiphar yet refused the amorous overtures of Potiphar’s
wife. In a compromising situation he simply "got himself out."
(Genesis 39:11-12)
Body and Soul: In LDS
doctrine, the body with its spirit constitutes the soul (DC 88:15). It is
our responsibility to bring and maintain our bodies into a wholeness of
physical, emotional, and spiritual health. Even though Judaism generally refers
to the soul as only the spirit of a person, Jewish thought is relevant. ".
. . man must serve God with his soul and his body. A person's soul is that part
of him that loves God and . . . wants to be like Him . . . the mitzvot which
God gave are to be performed with the body. Thus the physical actions of man are
sanctified . . . even sex . . . in the proper framework, marriage, is in
accordance with the will of God and is a mitzvah." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
Sexual Purity:
"The regulations concerning sexual relations between husband and wife
(termed tohorat ha-mishpahah, literally, "family purity"),
constitute another integral component of the laws of purity which still apply
today. According to biblical law, a couple must abstain from sexual intercourse
while the wife is a niddah, i.e., during her period of menstruation. The halakhah
as it developed over the generations extended the biblical prohibition
somewhat, and as it is presently codified, stipulates that sexual intercourse
(as well as intimacies which may lead to it) is forbidden from the time the
woman expects her menses until seven "clean" days (that is, days on
which no blood whatsoever is seen) have elapsed. A minimum of five days is fixed
for the menses themselves, so that the minimum period of separation is 12 days.
In the evening of the seventh clean day, the woman immerses herself in a mikveh
and normal marital relations are resumed until the next menses are
expected." "Like other basic human desires, sex is regarded in a
positive light in Jewish teaching, especially as it is the means of fulfilling
the first biblical commandment: "Be fruitful and multiply." Judaism
does not encourage the unbridled fulfillment of desire, however, but rather
imposes restrictions which raise the act to the level of holiness." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
Detailed Legislation Concerning Sexual Behavior:
Noted in the Bible, the Talmud and subsequent rabbinic literature:
"Celibacy (complete abstinence from all sexual activity) is discouraged as
an unnatural state and detrimental to the human personality. The primary
restriction of sexual activity in Jewish law is that it should take place within
marriage, as an expression of love between husband and wife as well as out of a
desire to fulfill God's commandments . . . which ensure that the couple does not
indulge in sex on impulse but rather directs the act to holiness."
"Judaism encourages modesty as one of the means to chastity. Thus the
Jewish woman is enjoined to dress and act modestly at all times. Furthermore, a
man is forbidden to be alone with a woman with whom he is not permitted to have
sexual relations from considerations of both chastity and modesty." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
Latter-day Saint Doctrine Is More Definitive:
Any sexual contact or activity with any body, including your own body, that
leads to improper sexual emotions is simply unwarranted. Obviously, the world’s
mass media culture generally disagrees with such a standard.
Disagreements and Disputes – Arbitration and
Judgments: Too often, disagreements turn onto
disputes and they generally result in anger. The Lord gave us a simple
instruction in resolving disputes. ". . . first be reconciled to thy
brother . . . agree with thine adversary quickly . . ." (Matthew
5:23-25) Personal reconciliation sometimes requires arbitration and the
judgment of disengaged persons; therefore, a judicial system was established in
Biblical times. "The Hebrew word for court is bet din (plural: battei
din), which literally means "house of judgment" The Torah stresses
that justice must not be meted out by the parties themselves but must be
administered by impartial judges. Indeed, it was Moses who first organized
courts on the advice of his father-in-law, Jethro. Upon Israel's entry into
their land, they were obligated to establish courts in every town. According to
the Talmud, towns with less than 120 inhabitants had to have courts consisting
of three judges while larger towns had to have courts consisting of 23 judges.
The court of three judges exercised jurisdiction over cases involving fines,
divorce, conversion, and absolution from vows. The court of 23 judges exercised
jurisdiction over cases including those involving capital punishment."
The Judge Brings "Shalom," Peace:
"The shofet, or judge, had to meet strict qualifications, besides
just knowing the law. Among these qualifications were piety, wisdom, humility,
gentility and human understanding. When Moses set up the first courts, he looked
for "able men such as fear God, men of truth, hating unjust gain"
(Exodus 18:21) and "wise men, and understanding and full of knowledge"
(Deuteronomy 1:13). They were charged to "hear the causes between your
brethren and judge righteously between a man and his brother and the
stranger," not to be partial in judgment but to "hear the small and
the great alike, fear no man, for judgment is God's" (Deuteronomy
1:16--17)." "In the Talmud shalom is the most exalted ideal of
the rabbis next to justice. The rabbis knew that only true justice could bring a
true peace and that without justice peace could not be attained or preserved
between nations or people. The prophet Zechariah (8:16) put it: "Speak
truth to each other and judge judgments of equity (shalom) in your
gates" --- only justice can completely settle disputes." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
LDS Judgment:
Latter-day Saints are also advised to settle differences and disagreements
before they develop into disputes. "Being the kingdom of God on earth and
having a perfect organization, provision is made in the Church for the trial of
transgressors against church standards and for the settlement of disputes
between church members and groups. It is the practice of the Church for home
teachers (or other specially assigned brethren) to investigate alleged
transgression and then, if necessary, bring charges against accused persons,
either before a bishop’s court or a stake presidency and high council." (Bruce
R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, Page 134) "High Councilors, do you
have any trials before you? "Yes." Have the brethren complained of
each other? "Yes." Are their feelings alienated one from the other?
Bishops, do you have any trials? Are the feelings of the brethren in your Wards
alienated? "Yes." What should they do in such cases? They should
follow the rules laid down, and be reconciled to their brethren forthwith. I
think that it can be shown that the great majority of difficulties between
brethren arises from misunderstandings rather than from malice and a wicked
heart, and instead of talking the matter over with each other in a saint-like
spirit, they will contend with each other until a real fault is created, and
they have brought a sin upon themselves. When we have done good ninety-nine
times and then do an evil, how common it is, my brethren and sisters, to look at
that one evil all the day long and never think of the good. Before we judge each
other we should look at the design of the heart, and if it is evil, then chasten
that individual, and take a course to bring him back again to
righteousness." (Discourses of Brigham
Young, Page.149 -150)
Respect: The principle
of respect for our tabernacles of flesh, temples of God, governs the spiritual,
emotional, and physical context of life. Our complete morality can be measured
by the respect we have for ourselves, each other, and, thereby, our God.