Marriage – Ideal Human State:
"In Jewish teaching, marriage is considered the ideal human state and a
basic social institution established by God at the time of Creation. Both the
Bible and the rabbis reject celibacy as unnatural and harmful to the human
personality, and insist upon the need for marriage, not only for purposes of
procreation, but also for companionship and human self-fulfillment: "It
is not good that man be alone; I will make a helpmeet for him" (Genesis
2:15) and "He who has no wife is not a proper man; he lives without joy,
blessing and goodness." The successful marriage in the eyes of the
prophets and the rabbis was the most perfect symbol of a meaningful and
purposeful relationship and was taken by them as the closest approximation to
the idealized relationship between God and Israel, and between Israel and the
Torah." Encyclopedia Judaica Jr.
Jewish Marriage Under a Canopy (often a Talith)
Emulates Temple Practices:" A Jewish
marriage consists . . . of two separate acts, called kiddushin and nissu'in
. . . originally performed at an interval of a year or more apart . . . from
the 12th century . . . became . . . one ceremony . . . the bride is led under
a canopy (huppah) . . ." "The separation of the two
ceremonies in Talmudic times allowed the arrangement of long betrothals . .
." "The ceremony proper (is) customarily performed in the presence
of at least a minyan of males (prayer circle). Seven marriage blessings
are then recited . . . the ceremony concludes with the groom crushing a glass
under his right foot, as a sign of mourning over the destruction of the
Temple. To the rejoicing of the invited guests, the couple are then led to a
private room in which they spend some time together, while witnesses are
stationed outside. After this yihud (being alone together) they are
finally considered to be man and wife." ". . . the term huppah refers
to the decorative canopy under which the wedding ceremony is performed."
"In medieval France, it was customary for the groom to cover the bride's
head with his tallit as a symbol of sheltering her; and in modern-day
Israel, for weddings of soldiers on active duty, it is not unusual to see a huppah
constructed of a tallit supported by four rifles held by friends of
the bride and groom." ". . . among Orthodox Jews, the preferred
custom is to erect the huppah outside, or at least in a spot open to
the sky, underneath the stars . . ." (Encyclopedia Judaica Jr.)
This is probably done because the huppah represent God’s house, the
Temple. It is more encompassing than an individual’s house.
Garments Signify Covenants:
In some Jewish circles, a special garment is worn in remembrance of repentance
and represents the purity of the covenant of marriage. It is also used to
clothe the dead. It is called the Kitel in Yiddish meaning "gown" or
garment. "In Ashkenazi tradition it is not just the bride who wears white
on her wedding day. The groom, too, stands under the canopy wearing his white kitel,
or robe, over his wedding finery. The day of their marriage is a solemn
one for the bride and groom. They pray that their past sins will be forgiven
and they can start their life together afresh. The white of their clothing
symbolizes the purity and the forgiveness of sin for which they are hoping.
For this reason a similar garment is used to clothe the dead for burial."
(Encyclopedia Judaica Jr.)
Marriage in the Faith and in Holiness:
Another interesting similarity to Latter-day Saint practice is the
significance of a proper ritual marriage in the faith, even though a secular
marriage has already been performed. "A convert to Judaism is considered
a new-born child . . . because of this . . . a husband and wife who convert
must also have another wedding ceremony in order to be married under Jewish
law." The holiness of marriage is a major part of the beliefs of both the
Jews and the Mormons. "The primary restriction of sexual activity in
Jewish law is that it should take place within marriage, as an expression of
love between husband and wife as well as out of a desire to fulfill God's
commandments. An element of holiness is added by the laws of niddah (separation
during the period of menstruation; which ensure that the couple does not
indulge in sex on impulse but rather directs the act to holiness." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
Responsibilities of a Man, a Woman and of Children
Are Stated in the Scriptures: In many
religious Jewish families, the father blesses his wife and children on a
weekly basis. Women and children are to be cherished and blessed. They have
different responsibilities, yet they should share an honorable status without
preference. Yet, as Judaism spread without the guidance of living prophets,
some discrimination became evident." "The woman's legal status, as
de fined in the Bible, is generally the same as that of man, as is her moral
responsibility but certain laws do discriminate both for and against her. For
example, special attention was paid to injury suffered by a pregnant woman . .
." "The strong Jewish tradition about women places them on a lofty
pedestal. "It is said that a man without a wife lives without joy,
blessing and good, and that a man should love his wife as himself and respect
her more than himself. Women have greater faith than men and greater powers of
discernment. The Torah, the greatest joy of the rabbis, is frequently pictured
as a woman and is represented as God's daughter and Israel's bride." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)
Jewish Tradition Places a Strong Responsibility on
the Husband and Father: Further details of
Jewish custom in the family parallel the Latter-day Saints’ lifestyle.
"The father's duty is to provide for his children, to give them a proper
education, to teach them a trade, and to prepare them for marriage."
". . . it is customary for the father to bless his children on the
Sabbath eve when he returns from the synagogue." "Judaism considers
the establishment of a family a holy task. Children are a gift from God and
childlessness the greatest misfortune that could befall a marriage. The
virtues of domestic bliss have been frequently extolled by the rabbis, and the
close-knit Jewish family, where the home has been the center of religious
practice and ceremony, has greatly helped the survival of Judaism and
preserved the moral integrity of the Jews." (Encyclopedia
Judaica Jr.)